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题目描述

传送带上的包裹必须在 days 天内从一个港口运送到另一个港口。

传送带上第 i 个包裹的重量为 weights[i]。每一天,我们都会按给出重量的顺序往船上装载包裹。我们装载的重量不会超过船的最大运载重量。

返回能在 days 天内将传送带上的所有包裹送达的船的最低运载能力。

示例 1:

输入:weights = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], days = 5
输出:15
解释:
船舶最低载重 15 就能够在 5 天内送达所有包裹,如下所示:
第 1 天:1, 2, 3, 4, 5
第 2 天:6, 7
第 3 天:8
第 4 天:9
第 5 天:10

请注意,货物必须按照给定的顺序装运,因此使用载重能力为 14 的船舶并将包裹分成 (2, 3, 4, 5), (1, 6, 7), (8), (9), (10) 是不允许的。

示例 2:

输入:weights = [3,2,2,4,1,4], days = 3
输出:6
解释:
船舶最低载重 6 就能够在 3 天内送达所有包裹,如下所示:
第 1 天:3, 2
第 2 天:2, 4
第 3 天:1, 4

示例 3:

输入:weights = [1,2,3,1,1], days = 4
输出:3
解释:
第 1 天:1
第 2 天:2
第 3 天:3
第 4 天:1, 1

提示:

  • 1 <= days <= weights.length <= 5 * 10^4
  • 1 <= weights[i] <= 500

解题思路

这道题是一个经典的二分搜索问题。我们需要找到最小的船只载重能力,使得能在指定天数内运完所有包裹。

思路分析:

  1. 确定搜索范围

    • 最小载重:必须至少能装下最重的包裹,即 max(weights)
    • 最大载重:一次性装完所有包裹,即 sum(weights)
  2. 二分搜索策略

    • 对载重能力进行二分搜索
    • 对于每个中间值,判断是否能在规定天数内完成运输
    • 如果可以,尝试更小的载重;如果不行,增加载重
  3. 验证函数设计

    • 模拟装船过程:按顺序装包裹,当前船装不下就换下一天
    • 统计总天数,判断是否不超过限制
  4. 时间复杂度优化

    • 二分搜索的时间复杂度为 O(log(sum-max))
    • 每次验证需要 O(n) 时间遍历所有包裹
    • 总复杂度:O(n * log(sum-max))

这种方法的核心思想是"最小化最大值"问题的标准解法。通过二分搜索在答案区间内找到满足条件的最小值。

代码实现

class Solution {
public:
    int shipWithinDays(vector<int>& weights, int days) {
        int left = *max_element(weights.begin(), weights.end());
        int right = accumulate(weights.begin(), weights.end(), 0);
        
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
            if (canShip(weights, days, mid)) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        
        return left;
    }
    
private:
    bool canShip(const vector<int>& weights, int days, int capacity) {
        int currentWeight = 0;
        int daysNeeded = 1;
        
        for (int weight : weights) {
            if (currentWeight + weight > capacity) {
                daysNeeded++;
                currentWeight = weight;
            } else {
                currentWeight += weight;
            }
        }
        
        return daysNeeded <= days;
    }
};
class Solution:
    def shipWithinDays(self, weights: List[int], days: int) -> int:
        left, right = max(weights), sum(weights)
        
        while left < right:
            mid = (left + right) // 2
            if self.canShip(weights, days, mid):
                right = mid
            else:
                left = mid + 1
        
        return left
    
    def canShip(self, weights: List[int], days: int, capacity: int) -> bool:
        current_weight = 0
        days_needed = 1
        
        for weight in weights:
            if current_weight + weight > capacity:
                days_needed += 1
                current_weight = weight
            else:
                current_weight += weight
        
        return days_needed <= days
public class Solution {
    public int ShipWithinDays(int[] weights, int days) {
        int left = weights.Max();
        int right = weights.Sum();
        
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
            if (CanShip(weights, days, mid)) {
                right = mid;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        
        return left;
    }
    
    private bool CanShip(int[] weights, int days, int capacity) {
        int currentWeight = 0;
        int daysNeeded = 1;
        
        foreach (int weight in weights) {
            if (currentWeight + weight > capacity) {
                daysNeeded++;
                currentWeight = weight;
            } else {
                currentWeight += weight;
            }
        }
        
        return daysNeeded <= days;
    }
}
var shipWithinDays = function(weights, days) {
    let left = Math.max(...weights);
    let right = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight, 0);
    
    while (left < right) {
        let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2);
        if (canShip(weights, days, mid)) {
            right = mid;
        } else {
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    
    return left;
};

function canShip(weights, days, capacity) {
    let currentWeight = 0;
    let daysNeeded = 1;
    
    for (let weight of weights) {
        if (currentWeight + weight > capacity) {
            daysNeeded++;
            currentWeight = weight;
        } else {
            currentWeight += weight;
        }
    }
    
    return daysNeeded <= days;
}

复杂度分析

复杂度类型说明
时间复杂度O(n × log(sum - max))n 为包裹数量,二分搜索 log(sum-max) 次,每次验证需要 O(n)
空间复杂度O(1)只使用常数额外空间

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