Medium
题目描述
给你两个整数数组 persons 和 times。在选举中,第 i 张票是在时刻 times[i] 投给 persons[i] 的。
对于发生在时刻 t 的每个查询,需要找出在时刻 t 时领先的候选人。在时刻 t 投的票也将被统计。如果有平局,最近投票的候选人(在平局的候选人中)获胜。
实现 TopVotedCandidate 类:
TopVotedCandidate(int[] persons, int[] times)使用persons和times数组初始化对象。int q(int t)根据前面描述的规则,返回在时刻t在选举中领先的候选人的编号。
示例 1:
输入:
["TopVotedCandidate", "q", "q", "q", "q", "q", "q"]
[[[0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30]], [3], [12], [25], [15], [24], [8]]
输出:
[null, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1]
解释:
TopVotedCandidate topVotedCandidate = new TopVotedCandidate([0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30]);
topVotedCandidate.q(3); // 返回 0,在时刻 3,票数为 [0],候选人 0 领先。
topVotedCandidate.q(12); // 返回 1,在时刻 12,票数为 [0,1,1],候选人 1 领先。
topVotedCandidate.q(25); // 返回 1,在时刻 25,票数为 [0,1,1,0,0,1],候选人 1 领先(平局时最近的票获胜)。
topVotedCandidate.q(15); // 返回 0
topVotedCandidate.q(24); // 返回 0
topVotedCandidate.q(8); // 返回 1
提示:
1 <= persons.length <= 5000times.length == persons.length0 <= persons[i] < persons.length0 <= times[i] <= 10^9times按严格递增顺序排列times[0] <= t <= 10^9- 最多调用
q10^4次
解题思路
解题思路
这道题要求我们设计一个数据结构来高效处理在线选举查询。核心思路是预处理+二分查找。
分析过程:
预处理阶段:我们不能每次查询都重新统计票数,这会超时。关键观察是:每个时刻的领先者只在有新票投入时才可能改变。
状态维护:在构造函数中,我们按时间顺序处理每张票,维护每个候选人的票数,并记录每个时刻的领先者。当票数相等时,最近投票的候选人获胜。
查询优化:由于时间数组是严格递增的,我们可以使用二分查找来快速定位查询时刻
t对应的状态。具体来说,找到最大的时间times[i] <= t,此时的领先者就是答案。
算法步骤:
- 构造时:遍历所有投票,维护票数统计和每个时刻的领先者
- 查询时:二分查找定位时刻,返回对应的领先者
这种方法将查询的时间复杂度降低到 O(log n),非常适合多次查询的场景。
代码实现
class TopVotedCandidate {
private:
vector<int> times;
vector<int> winners;
public:
TopVotedCandidate(vector<int>& persons, vector<int>& times) {
this->times = times;
unordered_map<int, int> count;
int leader = -1;
int maxVotes = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < persons.size(); i++) {
count[persons[i]]++;
if (count[persons[i]] >= maxVotes) {
maxVotes = count[persons[i]];
leader = persons[i];
}
winners.push_back(leader);
}
}
int q(int t) {
int idx = upper_bound(times.begin(), times.end(), t) - times.begin() - 1;
return winners[idx];
}
};
class TopVotedCandidate:
def __init__(self, persons: List[int], times: List[int]):
self.times = times
self.winners = []
count = {}
leader = -1
max_votes = 0
for person in persons:
count[person] = count.get(person, 0) + 1
if count[person] >= max_votes:
max_votes = count[person]
leader = person
self.winners.append(leader)
def q(self, t: int) -> int:
idx = bisect.bisect_right(self.times, t) - 1
return self.winners[idx]
public class TopVotedCandidate {
private int[] times;
private int[] winners;
public TopVotedCandidate(int[] persons, int[] times) {
this.times = times;
this.winners = new int[persons.Length];
Dictionary<int, int> count = new Dictionary<int, int>();
int leader = -1;
int maxVotes = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < persons.Length; i++) {
if (!count.ContainsKey(persons[i])) {
count[persons[i]] = 0;
}
count[persons[i]]++;
if (count[persons[i]] >= maxVotes) {
maxVotes = count[persons[i]];
leader = persons[i];
}
winners[i] = leader;
}
}
public int Q(int t) {
int left = 0, right = times.Length - 1;
while (left < right) {
int mid = left + (right - left + 1) / 2;
if (times[mid] <= t) {
left = mid;
} else {
right = mid - 1;
}
}
return winners[left];
}
}
var TopVotedCandidate = function(persons, times) {
this.times = times;
this.winners = [];
const count = new Map();
let leader = -1;
let maxVotes = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
count.set(persons[i], (count.get(persons[i]) || 0) + 1);
if (count.get(persons[i]) >= maxVotes) {
maxVotes = count.get(persons[i]);
leader = persons[i];
}
this.winners.push(leader);
}
};
TopVotedCandidate.prototype.q = function(t) {
let left = 0, right = this.times.length - 1;
while (left < right) {
const mid = left + Math.floor((right - left + 1) / 2);
if (this.times[mid] <= t) {
left = mid;
} else {
right = mid - 1;
}
}
return this.winners[left];
};
复杂度分析
| 操作 | 时间复杂度 | 空间复杂度 |
|---|---|---|
| 构造函数 | O(n) | O(n) |
| q 查询 | O(log n) | O(1) |
其中 n 是投票数量。构造时需要遍历所有投票并维护状态,查询时使用二分查找快速定位。
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