Medium

题目描述

给你一个链表的头节点 head 和一个特定值 x,请你对链表进行分隔,使得所有 小于 x 的节点都出现在 大于或等于 x 的节点之前。

你应当 保留 两个分区中每个节点的初始相对位置。

示例 1:

输入:head = [1,4,3,2,5,2], x = 3
输出:[1,2,2,4,3,5]

示例 2:

输入:head = [2,1], x = 2
输出:[1,2]

提示:

  • 链表中节点的数目在范围 [0, 200]
  • -100 <= Node.val <= 100
  • -200 <= x <= 200

解题思路

解题思路

这道题要求将链表按照给定值 x 进行分隔,保持原有的相对顺序不变。

双指针法(推荐)

核心思想是创建两个新的链表:

  • smallHead:存储所有小于 x 的节点
  • largeHead:存储所有大于等于 x 的节点

算法步骤:

  1. 创建两个虚拟头节点 smallHeadlargeHead,以及对应的尾指针 smalllarge
  2. 遍历原链表,根据节点值与 x 的关系,将节点分别连接到对应的链表上
  3. 遍历完成后,将小链表的尾部连接到大链表的头部
  4. 将大链表的尾部置为 null,避免形成环
  5. 返回小链表的头节点(跳过虚拟头节点)

这种方法的优点是逻辑清晰,代码简洁,且只需要一次遍历就能完成分隔。

时间复杂度为 O(n),空间复杂度为 O(1)(只使用了常数个额外指针)。

代码实现

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* partition(ListNode* head, int x) {
        ListNode smallHead(0), largeHead(0);
        ListNode* small = &smallHead;
        ListNode* large = &largeHead;
        
        while (head) {
            if (head->val < x) {
                small->next = head;
                small = small->next;
            } else {
                large->next = head;
                large = large->next;
            }
            head = head->next;
        }
        
        large->next = nullptr;
        small->next = largeHead.next;
        
        return smallHead.next;
    }
};
class Solution:
    def partition(self, head: Optional[ListNode], x: int) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        small_head = ListNode(0)
        large_head = ListNode(0)
        small = small_head
        large = large_head
        
        while head:
            if head.val < x:
                small.next = head
                small = small.next
            else:
                large.next = head
                large = large.next
            head = head.next
        
        large.next = None
        small.next = large_head.next
        
        return small_head.next
public class Solution {
    public ListNode Partition(ListNode head, int x) {
        ListNode smallHead = new ListNode(0);
        ListNode largeHead = new ListNode(0);
        ListNode small = smallHead;
        ListNode large = largeHead;
        
        while (head != null) {
            if (head.val < x) {
                small.next = head;
                small = small.next;
            } else {
                large.next = head;
                large = large.next;
            }
            head = head.next;
        }
        
        large.next = null;
        small.next = largeHead.next;
        
        return smallHead.next;
    }
}
var partition = function(head, x) {
    const smallHead = new ListNode(0);
    const largeHead = new ListNode(0);
    let small = smallHead;
    let large = largeHead;
    
    while (head) {
        if (head.val < x) {
            small.next = head;
            small = small.next;
        } else {
            large.next = head;
            large = large.next;
        }
        head = head.next;
    }
    
    large.next = null;
    small.next = largeHead.next;
    
    return smallHead.next;
};

复杂度分析

复杂度类型复杂度说明
时间复杂度O(n)需要遍历链表一次,n 为链表长度
空间复杂度O(1)只使用了常数个额外指针变量

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